Role of non-Noether symmetry in integrability of dispersiveless long wave system
George Chavchanidze
Department of Theoretical Physics,
A. Razmadze Institute of Mathematics,
1 Aleksidze Street, Tbilisi 0193, Georgia
Abstract. We show that infinite sequence of conserved
quantities and bi-Hamiltonian structure of DLW hierarchy of integrable models
are related to the non-Noether symmetry of dispersiveless water wave system.
Keywords: Non-Noether symmetry; bi-Hamiltonian system; Disperseless long wave system; Integrability;
MSC 2000: 70H33; 70H06; 58J70; 53Z05; 35A30
Symmetries play essential role in dynamical systems, because they usually
simplify analysis of evolution equations and often provide quite elegant
solution of problems that otherwise would be difficult to handle. In the present
paper we show how knowing just single generator of non-Noether symmetry one can
construct infinite involutive sequence of conserved quantities and bi-Hamiltonian
structure of one of the remarkable integrable models — dispersiveless long
wave system. In fact among nonlinear partial differential equations that
describe propagation of waves in shallow water there are many interesting
integrable models. And most of them seem to have non-Noether symmetries leading
to the infinite sequence of conservation laws and bi-Hamiltonian realization of
these equations. In dispersiveless long wave system such a symmetry appears to
be local, that in some sense simplifies and investigation of its properties and
calculations of conserved quantities.
Evolution of dispersiveless long wave system is governed by the following set of
nolinear partial differential equations
vt = vxw + vwx
wt = vx + wwx
(1)
Each symmetry of this system must satisfy linear equation
E(v)t = (wE(v))x + (vE(w))x
E(w)t = E(v)x + (wE(w))x
(2)
obtained by substituting infinitesimal transformations
v → v + aE(v) + O(a2)
w → w + aE(w) + O(a2)
(3)
into equations of motion (1) and grouping first order (in a) terms. One of the
solutions of this equation yields the following symmetry of dispersiveless water
wave system
E(v) = 4vw + 2x(vw)x + 3t(v2 + vw2)x
E(w) = w2 + 4v + 2x(wwx + vx) + t(6vw + w3)x
(4)
and it is remarkable that this symmetry is local in sense that E(u) in point x
depends only on u and its derivatives evaluated in the same point (this is not
the case in Korteweg-de Vriez, modified Korteweg-de Vriez and nonlinear Schrödinger
equations where similar symmetries appear to be non local [3])
Before we proceed let us note that dispersive water wave system is actually
infinite dimensional Hamiltonian dynamical system. Assuming that u, v and w
fields are subjected to zero boundary conditions
v(± ∞) = w(± ∞) = 0
(5)
it is easy to verify that equations (1) can be represented in Hamiltonian form
vt = {h , v}
wt = {h , w}
(6)
with Hamiltonian equal to
h = − ½ + ∞∫− ∞(vw2 + v2)dx
(7)
and Poisson bracket defined by the following Poisson bivector field
W = + ∞∫− ∞(δδv ∧ {δδw}x) dx
(8)
Now using our symmetry that appears to be non-Noether, one can calculate second
Poisson bivector field involved in the bi-Hamiltonian realization of
dispersiveless long wave system
Ŵ = [E , W] = − 2 + ∞∫− ∞ (vδδv ∧ {δδv}x
+ w δδv ∧ {δδw}x
+ δδw ∧ {δδw}x) dx
(9)
Note that Ŵ give rise to the second Hamiltonian realization of the model
vt = {ĥ , v}∗
wt = {ĥ , w}∗
(10)
where
ĥ = − ½ + ∞∫− ∞vwdx
(11)
and { , }∗ is Poisson bracket defined by bivector field Ŵ.
Now let us pay attention to conservation laws. By integrating third equation of
dispersive water wave system (1) it is easy to show that
J(0) = + ∞∫− ∞wdx
(12)
is conservation law. Using non-Noether symmetry one can construct other
conservation laws by taking Lie derivative of J(0) along the generator of
symmetry and in this way entire infinite sequence of conservation laws of
dispersive water wave system can be reproduced
J(0) = + ∞∫− ∞wdx
J(1) = LEJ(0) = 2 + ∞∫− ∞vdx
J(2) = LEJ(1) = (LE)2J(0) = 4 + ∞∫− ∞vwdx
J(3) = LEJ(2) = (LE)3J(0) = 12 + ∞∫− ∞(vw2 + v2)dx
J(4) = LEJ(3) = (LE)4J(0) = 48 + ∞∫− ∞(3v2w + vw3)dx
J(n) = LEJ(n − 1) = (LE)nJ(0)
(13)
So as we see non-Noether symmetry (4) naturally leads to infinite sequence of
conserved quantities and second Hamiltonian realization of dispersiveless water
wave system.
Acknowledgements.
Author thanks organizers of 11th Regional Conference on Mathematical Physics for kind hospitality. This work was supported by INTAS (00-00561).
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